Formal Thinking Patterns (Monarchy-Hierarchy-Anarchy-Minority) and their Relationship to Academic Grit among Students at Al-Mustansiriyah University. jperc. 2024;21(82):379-413. Accessed June 2, 2026. https://jperc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jperc/article/view/1870